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    <description>Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School, University of Oxford. Humanity at the crossroads: Bringing together the best minds to tackle the toughest challenges of the 21st century.</description>
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    <title>Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</title>
    <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Oxford University</itunes:author>
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      <title>Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</title>
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      <category>royalsociety</category>
      <category>geoengineering</category>
      <category>climate</category>
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      <category>effects</category>
      <category>21school</category>
      <category>oceans21</category>
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      <description>Geoengineering the climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty: The Royal Society Study -John Shepherd (NOCS) The climate change we are experiencing now is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases due to  human activities, including burning fossil fuels, agriculture and deforestation. There is now   widespread belief that a global warming of greater than 2C above pre-industrial levels would be dangerous and should therefore be avoided. However, despite growing concerns over climate change, global CO2 emissions have continued to climb. This has led some to suggest more radical 'Geoengineering' alternatives to conventional mitigation via reductions in CO2 emissions.  Geoengineering is deliberate intervention in the climate system to counteract man-made global warming. There are two main classes of geoengineering; direct carbon dioxide removal, and solar radiation management, which aims to cool the planet by reflecting more sunlight out to space. This talk will summarise the findings of a recent review of Geoengineering carried-out by the   UK Royal Society  discussing the climate effects, costs, risks, and research and governance needs for each approach.</description>
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      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Geoengineering the climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty: The Royal Society Study -John Shepherd (NOCS)</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">The climate change we are experiencing now is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases due to  human activities, including burning fossil fuels, agriculture and deforestation. There is now   widespread belief that a global warming of greater than 2C above pre-industrial levels would be dangerous and should therefore be avoided. However, despite growing concerns over climate change, global CO2 emissions have continued to climb. This has led some to suggest more radical 'Geoengineering' alternatives to conventional mitigation via reductions in CO2 emissions.  Geoengineering is deliberate intervention in the climate system to counteract man-made global warming. There are two main classes of geoengineering; direct carbon dioxide removal, and solar radiation management, which aims to cool the planet by reflecting more sunlight out to space. This talk will summarise the findings of a recent review of Geoengineering carried-out by the   UK Royal Society  discussing the climate effects, costs, risks, and research and governance needs for each approach.</itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">John Shepherd (NOCS)</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">3534</itunes:duration>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 13:11:14 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Geoengineering the climate</title>
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      <category>business</category>
      <category>economics</category>
      <category>21school</category>
      <description>Distinguished Public Lecture: The end of business as usual by Dr Mohamed El-Erian, Co-CIO of PIMCO In the wake of last year's financial crisis, businesses, economists, policy makers and analysts around the world are asking if the events of 2008 mean the end of business as usual for the global financial system. Dr Mohamed El-Erian, Co-CIO of PIMCO, the world's biggest bond fund, and one of the world's most respected economic analysts, certainly thinks that it does.</description>
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      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Distinguished Public Lecture: The end of business as usual by Dr Mohamed El-Erian, Co-CIO of PIMCO</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">In the wake of last year's financial crisis, businesses, economists, policy makers and analysts around the world are asking if the events of 2008 mean the end of business as usual for the global financial system. Dr Mohamed El-Erian, Co-CIO of PIMCO, the world's biggest bond fund, and one of the world's most respected economic analysts, certainly thinks that it does.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">business,economics,21school</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Mohamed El-Erian</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2662</itunes:duration>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 10:13:50 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>The End of Business as Usual</title>
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      <category>non-proliferation</category>
      <category>nuclear</category>
      <category>weapons</category>
      <category>disarm</category>
      <category>21school</category>
      <description>Achieving an end-state of "zero" has emerged as an important policy goal for a number of 21st Century challenges. The most prominent example is the "Global Zero" campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons. To stand any chance of getting near to zero, nuclear weapons must be marginalised in military and security doctrines. That means creating international norms and, if feasible, agreements that until nuclear weapons are universally prohibited by treaty, their use will be treated as a crime against humanity. Dr Johnson considers how the problems of doctrine and use could be addressed.</description>
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      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Achieving an end-state of "zero" has emerged as an important policy goal for a number of 21st Century challenges. The most prominent example is the "Global Zero" campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">To stand any chance of getting near to zero, nuclear weapons must be marginalised in military and security doctrines. That means creating international norms and, if feasible, agreements that until nuclear weapons are universally prohibited by treaty, their use will be treated as a crime against humanity. Dr Johnson considers how the problems of doctrine and use could be addressed.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">non-proliferation,nuclear,weapons,disarm,21school</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Rebecca Johnson: Executive Director, Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, London.</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2400</itunes:duration>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 11:28:44 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Dealing with doctrines: time to outlaw nuclear weapon use?</title>
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      <category>iq2</category>
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      <description>Panel discussion by speakers from the James Martin 21st Century School.  The event is hosted by Intelligence Squared (the international debating forum on crucial issues of the day). What kind of world will we inhabit 40 years from now? What moral codes will we live by? We've tended to leave these enormous questions to science fiction but time travel isn't essential. In this fascinating evening of talks the scientific experts of the 21st Century School will reveal - sometimes to an alarming degree - just how much we already know about the world in 2050.</description>
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      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200909_iq2.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Panel discussion by speakers from the James Martin 21st Century School.  The event is hosted by Intelligence Squared (the international debating forum on crucial issues of the day).</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">What kind of world will we inhabit 40 years from now? What moral codes will we live by? We've tended to leave these enormous questions to science fiction but time travel isn't essential. In this fascinating evening of talks the scientific experts of the 21st Century School will reveal - sometimes to an alarming degree - just how much we already know about the world in 2050.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">iq2,21school</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Ian Goldin, Dr Malcolm McCulloch, Professor Sarah Harper,  Professor Julian Savulescu</itunes:author>
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      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">110</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">5855</itunes:duration>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 14:20:19 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>IQ2: The World in 2050 Panel Discussion</title>
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      <category>economics</category>
      <category>business</category>
      <category>sachs</category>
      <category>21school</category>
      <description>Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and internationally renowned economic advisor, talks about the need to take a systematic long view in repairing international economic governance structures. Professor Sachs is the Director of The Earth Institute, Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development, and Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University.  He is also Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.  From 2002 to 2006, he was Director of the UN Millennium Project and Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on the Millennium Development Goals, the internationally agreed goals to reduce extreme poverty, disease, and hunger by the year 2015.  Sachs is also President and Co-Founder of Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization aimed at ending extreme global poverty.  He is widely considered to be the leading international economic advisor of his generation.  For more than 20 years Professor Sachs has been in the forefront of the challenges of economic development, poverty alleviation, and enlightened globalization, promoting policies to help all parts of the world to benefit from expanding economic opportunities and wellbeing.  He is also one of the leading voices for combining economic development with environmental sustainability, and as Director of the Earth Institute leads large-scale efforts to promote the mitigation of human-induced climate change.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2009-10-23:104843:869:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200910_Sachs.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and internationally renowned economic advisor, talks about the need to take a systematic long view in repairing international economic governance structures.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Sachs is the Director of The Earth Institute, Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development, and Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University.  He is also Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.  From 2002 to 2006, he was Director of the UN Millennium Project and Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on the Millennium Development Goals, the internationally agreed goals to reduce extreme poverty, disease, and hunger by the year 2015.  Sachs is also President and Co-Founder of Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization aimed at ending extreme global poverty.  He is widely considered to be the leading international economic advisor of his generation.  For more than 20 years Professor Sachs has been in the forefront of the challenges of economic development, poverty alleviation, and enlightened globalization, promoting policies to help all parts of the world to benefit from expanding economic opportunities and wellbeing.  He is also one of the leading voices for combining economic development with environmental sustainability, and as Director of the Earth Institute leads large-scale efforts to promote the mitigation of human-induced climate change.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">economics,business,sachs,21school</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Jeffrey Sachs</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">4305</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200910_Sachs.mp3" length="68884050" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 10:48:43 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Repairing Economic Governance</title>
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    <item>
      <category>economic</category>
      <category>climate change</category>
      <category>stern</category>
      <description>Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, a world renowned economist and leading authority on climate change, came to the 21st Century School on Thursday 7 May to give a lecture about his "Blueprint for a Safer Planet". Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, a world renowned economist and leading authority on climate change, came to the 21st Century School on Thursday 7 May to give a lecture about his "Blueprint for a Safer Planet". Lord Stern made headlines in 2006 with the publication of the influential Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change and the launch of his most recent publication "Blueprint for a Safer Planet", on which this lecture was based has also received attention from around the world.  Further substantial global warming is now unavoidable and the risks to the natural world, the economy and our everyday lives are immense. Approximately 800 people heard Lord Stern explain his vision for a global deal to manage these risks and how the way we live in the next thirty years – how we invest, use energy, organise transport and manage forests – will determine whether these risks become realities.</description>
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      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, a world renowned economist and leading authority on climate change, came to the 21st Century School on Thursday 7 May to give a lecture about his "Blueprint for a Safer Planet".</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Lord Nicholas Stern, a world renowned economist and leading authority on climate change, came to the 21st Century School on Thursday 7 May to give a lecture about his "Blueprint for a Safer Planet". Lord Stern made headlines in 2006 with the publication of the influential Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change and the launch of his most recent publication "Blueprint for a Safer Planet", on which this lecture was based has also received attention from around the world.  Further substantial global warming is now unavoidable and the risks to the natural world, the economy and our everyday lives are immense. Approximately 800 people heard Lord Stern explain his vision for a global deal to manage these risks and how the way we live in the next thirty years – how we invest, use energy, organise transport and manage forests – will determine whether these risks become realities.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">economic,climate change,stern</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Lord Nicholas Stern</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">3232</itunes:duration>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2009 12:41:12 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Blueprint for a Safer Planet</title>
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    <item>
      <category>goldin</category>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>humanity</category>
      <category>21st Century</category>
      <category>science</category>
      <category>technology</category>
      <category>migration</category>
      <category>environment</category>
      <category>economics</category>
      <description>Speaking at the Vice-Chancellor's Open Lecture, Dr Ian Goldin asked: Are the world's leading thinkers anticipating the risks and opportunities of the 21st century, or will humanity be overtaken by its own medical, technological and scientific successes?</description>
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      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200903_Goldin_UCT.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Speaking at the Vice-Chancellor's Open Lecture, Dr Ian Goldin asked: Are the world's leading thinkers anticipating the risks and opportunities of the 21st century, or will humanity be overtaken by its own medical, technological and scientific successes?</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">goldin,public lectures,humanity,21st Century,science,technology,migration,environment,economics</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Ian Goldin</itunes:author>
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      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">110</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2661</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200903_Goldin_UCT.mp3" length="42587141" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2009 11:57:24 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Ian Goldin at University of Cape Town</title>
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    <item>
      <category>lord martin rees</category>
      <category>lectures</category>
      <category>science</category>
      <description>By 2050 there will be far more of us: world population is predicted to be two billion higher than it is today. This rise, predominantly in the developing world, will engender major geopolitical shifts and tensions. By 2050 there will be far more of us: world population is predicted to be two billion higher than it is today. This rise, predominantly in the developing world, will engender major geopolitical shifts and tensions. Unless new and appropriate technologies are urgently adopted, rising demands for energy, food and water could irreversably degrade the Earth's biosphere.  By mid-century, scientific understanding will have been greatly enhanced: science is the one truly global culture. Individuals will be increasingly empowered by technology that potentially offers huge benefits to the developing and the developed world. But these same advances will pose novel ethical dilemmas, and render our ever more interconnected world vulnerable to new and disruptive threats.  Lord Martin Rees is President of the Royal Society, Master of Trinity College, and Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge. He was appointed Astronomer Royal in 1995, and was nominated to the House of Lords in 2005 as a cross-bench peer. He was appointed a member of the Order of Merit in 2007.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2009-02-27:115904:758:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200902_rees.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">By 2050 there will be far more of us: world population is predicted to be two billion higher than it is today. This rise, predominantly in the developing world, will engender major geopolitical shifts and tensions.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">By 2050 there will be far more of us: world population is predicted to be two billion higher than it is today. This rise, predominantly in the developing world, will engender major geopolitical shifts and tensions. Unless new and appropriate technologies are urgently adopted, rising demands for energy, food and water could irreversably degrade the Earth's biosphere.  By mid-century, scientific understanding will have been greatly enhanced: science is the one truly global culture. Individuals will be increasingly empowered by technology that potentially offers huge benefits to the developing and the developed world. But these same advances will pose novel ethical dilemmas, and render our ever more interconnected world vulnerable to new and disruptive threats.  Lord Martin Rees is President of the Royal Society, Master of Trinity College, and Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge. He was appointed Astronomer Royal in 1995, and was nominated to the House of Lords in 2005 as a cross-bench peer. He was appointed a member of the Order of Merit in 2007.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">lord martin rees,lectures,science</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Lord Martin Rees</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">3240</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200902_rees.mp3" length="63863149" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2009 11:59:04 +0000</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>The World in 2050</title>
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      <category>goldin</category>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>humanity</category>
      <category>21st Century</category>
      <category>science</category>
      <category>technology</category>
      <category>migration</category>
      <category>environment</category>
      <category>economics</category>
      <description>Dr Ian Goldin provides an overview of the work of the James Martin 21st Century School and looks at the challenges facing humanity in the 21st Century.</description>
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      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200810_goldin.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Ian Goldin provides an overview of the work of the James Martin 21st Century School and looks at the challenges facing humanity in the 21st Century.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">goldin,public lectures,humanity,21st Century,science,technology,migration,environment,economics</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Ian Goldin</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="111"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">111</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2700</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200810_goldin.mp3" length="55848202" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Oct 2008 14:41:28 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>21st Century Challenges: Humanity at the Crossroads?</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>ageing</category>
      <category>house of commons</category>
      <description>The first set of our Policy Briefings at a seminar in the House of Commons. Dr Ian Goldin and Professor Sarah Harper gave presentations to a cross-party selection of MPs and Lords, with representatives from government, NGOs and think tanks also present. On 3 July, we launched the first set of our Policy Briefings at a seminar in the House of Commons, entitled "21st Century Challenges in Perspective: From academic research to government policy". Dr Ian Goldin (School Director) and Professor Sarah Harper (Director, Oxford Institute of Ageing) gave presentations to a cross-party selection of MPs and Lords, with representatives from government, NGOs and think tanks also present. The aim of the event was to help build connections between the academic and policy worlds and to show how the 21st Century School can contribute to more evidence-based policy development initiatives.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-09-24:110359:737:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200807_ageing_house_of_commons.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">The first set of our Policy Briefings at a seminar in the House of Commons. Dr Ian Goldin and Professor Sarah Harper gave presentations to a cross-party selection of MPs and Lords, with representatives from government, NGOs and think tanks also present.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">On 3 July, we launched the first set of our Policy Briefings at a seminar in the House of Commons, entitled "21st Century Challenges in Perspective: From academic research to government policy". Dr Ian Goldin (School Director) and Professor Sarah Harper (Director, Oxford Institute of Ageing) gave presentations to a cross-party selection of MPs and Lords, with representatives from government, NGOs and think tanks also present. The aim of the event was to help build connections between the academic and policy worlds and to show how the 21st Century School can contribute to more evidence-based policy development initiatives.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">ageing,house of commons</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Dr Ian Goldin and Professor Sarah Harper</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="111"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">111</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">5843</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200807_ageing_house_of_commons.mp3" length="23918750" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 11:03:59 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>21st Century Challenges in Perspective: From academic research to government policy</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>science</category>
      <category>god</category>
      <category>religion</category>
      <category>sulston</category>
      <category>harris</category>
      <category>dawkins</category>
      <category>nobel prize</category>
      <category>scientific</category>
      <description>What is science for, what good does it do and should it do good? In this lecture, Sulston and Harris will attempt to identify some of the most urgent ethical and regulatory problems raised by contemporary science, and suggest some possible solutions. They will discuss some key cutting edge scientific problems, and debate how we can assess their impact. Where do the significant ethical and regulatory dilemmas for science lie? Are we worrying about the right things?  They will also address the crucial issue of international or “global” co-ordination at the level of regulation. What happens when research is illegal – criminalised in some jurisdictions and permitted in others or when products or services are freely available in some countries and denied to the citizens of others? Is harmonization necessary or can we live with a plurality of regulatory environments?  Finally, they will raise the question of who owns science. They will suggest that scientific co-operation – the freedom of science to operate across frontiers, regulatory boundaries and share information freely between scientists and institutions – carries with it certain responsibilities. They will argue that equity and morality require open access and benefit sharing. And they will suggest what such benefit sharing might amount to.   Professor Sir John Sulston is a Nobel Prize winner and Chair of the University of Manchester's Institute of Science, Ethics and Innovation, a new research institute focusing on the ethical questions raised by science and technology in the 21st century.  Professor John Harris is the Lord David Alliance Professor of Bioethics, and research director at the University of Manchester's Institute of Science, Ethics and Innovation.  Professor Richard Dawkins is Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-06-10:134843:687:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200805_sulston.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">What is science for, what good does it do and should it do good?</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">In this lecture, Sulston and Harris will attempt to identify some of the most urgent ethical and regulatory problems raised by contemporary science, and suggest some possible solutions. They will discuss some key cutting edge scientific problems, and debate how we can assess their impact. Where do the significant ethical and regulatory dilemmas for science lie? Are we worrying about the right things?  They will also address the crucial issue of international or “global” co-ordination at the level of regulation. What happens when research is illegal – criminalised in some jurisdictions and permitted in others or when products or services are freely available in some countries and denied to the citizens of others? Is harmonization necessary or can we live with a plurality of regulatory environments?  Finally, they will raise the question of who owns science. They will suggest that scientific co-operation – the freedom of science to operate across frontiers, regulatory boundaries and share information freely between scientists and institutions – carries with it certain responsibilities. They will argue that equity and morality require open access and benefit sharing. And they will suggest what such benefit sharing might amount to.   Professor Sir John Sulston is a Nobel Prize winner and Chair of the University of Manchester's Institute of Science, Ethics and Innovation, a new research institute focusing on the ethical questions raised by science and technology in the 21st century.  Professor John Harris is the Lord David Alliance Professor of Bioethics, and research director at the University of Manchester's Institute of Science, Ethics and Innovation.  Professor Richard Dawkins is Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,science,god,religion,sulston,harris,dawkins,nobel prize,scientific</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">John Sulston, John Harris, Richard Dawkins</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="109"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">109</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">3458</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200805_sulston.mp3" length="55336253" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 13:48:43 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>What is Science for?</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>finance</category>
      <category>governance</category>
      <category>crisis</category>
      <category>regulatory</category>
      <category>economy</category>
      <category>economics</category>
      <category>risk management</category>
      <description>The global financial crisis reflects a failure of global economic governance. The failure of America's regulatory system has not only ramifications for the American economy, but for the global economy. It is clear that the banks' risk management systems could not even protect their own shareholders, let alone the well-being of the global economy. What went wrong? Where did the global financial regulators fail? What can we do to minimize the downturn? And what, if anything, can we do to prevent a recurrence? What are the lessons for global governance in the 21st Century?  Joseph E. Stiglitz is University Professor at Columbia University in New York and Chair of Columbia University's Committee on Global Thought. He is also the co-founder and Executive Director of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information.  Stiglitz helped create a new branch of economics, "The Economics of Information," exploring the consequences of information asymmetries and pioneering such pivotal concepts as adverse selection and moral hazard, which have now become standard tools not only of theorists, but of policy analysts. His work has helped explain the circumstances in which markets do not work well, and how selective government intervention can improve their performance.  Recognized around the world as a leading economic educator, he has written textbooks that have been translated into more than a dozen languages. He founded one of the leading economics journals, The Journal of Economic Perspectives. His book, Globalization and Its Discontents, (W.W. Norton June 2001) has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than one million copies worldwide. Most recently, he has written The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict with Linda J. Bilmes, published by WW Norton in March 2008.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-06-10:134601:309:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200805_stiglitz.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">The global financial crisis reflects a failure of global economic governance. The failure of America's regulatory system has not only ramifications for the American economy, but for the global economy.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">It is clear that the banks' risk management systems could not even protect their own shareholders, let alone the well-being of the global economy. What went wrong? Where did the global financial regulators fail? What can we do to minimize the downturn? And what, if anything, can we do to prevent a recurrence? What are the lessons for global governance in the 21st Century?  Joseph E. Stiglitz is University Professor at Columbia University in New York and Chair of Columbia University's Committee on Global Thought. He is also the co-founder and Executive Director of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information.  Stiglitz helped create a new branch of economics, "The Economics of Information," exploring the consequences of information asymmetries and pioneering such pivotal concepts as adverse selection and moral hazard, which have now become standard tools not only of theorists, but of policy analysts. His work has helped explain the circumstances in which markets do not work well, and how selective government intervention can improve their performance.  Recognized around the world as a leading economic educator, he has written textbooks that have been translated into more than a dozen languages. He founded one of the leading economics journals, The Journal of Economic Perspectives. His book, Globalization and Its Discontents, (W.W. Norton June 2001) has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than one million copies worldwide. Most recently, he has written The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict with Linda J. Bilmes, published by WW Norton in March 2008.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,finance,governance,crisis,regulatory,economy,economics,risk management</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Joseph Stiglitz</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="100100"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">100100</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2700</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200805_stiglitz.mp3" length="60667322" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 13:46:01 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Stiglitz on Credit Crunch - Global Financial Debacle: Meeting the Challenges of Global Governance in the 21st Century</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>climate change</category>
      <category>james martin</category>
      <category>severe climate change</category>
      <category>water shortages</category>
      <category>mass famines</category>
      <category>global pandemics</category>
      <category>global terrorism</category>
      <category>civilization</category>
      <description>At the start of the 21st century, humankind finds itself on a non-sustainable course – a course that, unless it is changed, will lead to catastrophes of awesome consequences. Severe climate change, water shortages, mass famines, global pandemics, global terrorism.... All these mega-problems are interrelated and need a long-term view of the future. They are global problems and cannot be solved by one country alone.  This could be humanity’s last century, or it could be the century in which civilization sets sail towards a far more spectacular future. James Martin leads us to understand the options of the 21st century and make the decisions we need to survive.  James Martin is the Founder of the James Martin 21st Century School at the University of Oxford, and author of The Meaning of the 21st Century (declared the most borrowed non-fiction book in libraries in 2007).</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-06-10:133700:365:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200803_martin_full.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">At the start of the 21st century, humankind finds itself on a non-sustainable course – a course that, unless it is changed, will lead to catastrophes of awesome consequences.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Severe climate change, water shortages, mass famines, global pandemics, global terrorism.... All these mega-problems are interrelated and need a long-term view of the future. They are global problems and cannot be solved by one country alone.  This could be humanity’s last century, or it could be the century in which civilization sets sail towards a far more spectacular future. James Martin leads us to understand the options of the 21st century and make the decisions we need to survive.  James Martin is the Founder of the James Martin 21st Century School at the University of Oxford, and author of The Meaning of the 21st Century (declared the most borrowed non-fiction book in libraries in 2007).</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,climate change,james martin,severe climate change,water shortages,mass famines,global pandemics,global terrorism,civilization</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">James Martin</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="109"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">109</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">4112</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200803_martin_full.mp3" length="65795263" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 13:37:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Target Earth: The Grand Scale Problems of the 21st Century</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>oil</category>
      <category>government</category>
      <category>us</category>
      <category>usa</category>
      <category>sandalow</category>
      <description>Based on his book, Freedom from Oil, Sandalow gives a public lecture which draws on both his government experience and energy expertise to explore options, shape solutions and create national policy to address the United States' oil addiction. David Sandalow is Energy &amp; Environment Scholar and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is the author of Freedom from Oil (McGraw-Hill October 2007). Sandalow is Chair of the Energy &amp; Climate Working Group of the Clinton Global Initiative.  Sandalow has served as Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans, Environment &amp; Science; Senior Director for Environmental Affairs, National Security Council; Associate Director for the Global Environment, White House Council on Environmental Quality; and Executive Vice President, World Wildlife Fund-US. His opinion pieces and articles have appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, Washington Times, Financial Times, International Herald Tribune, Boston Globe, Science, and many other periodicals.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-04-14:114153:922:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200802_sandalow_full.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Based on his book, Freedom from Oil, Sandalow gives a public lecture which draws on both his government experience and energy expertise to explore options, shape solutions and create national policy to address the United States' oil addiction.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">David Sandalow is Energy &amp; Environment Scholar and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is the author of Freedom from Oil (McGraw-Hill October 2007). Sandalow is Chair of the Energy &amp; Climate Working Group of the Clinton Global Initiative.  Sandalow has served as Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans, Environment &amp; Science; Senior Director for Environmental Affairs, National Security Council; Associate Director for the Global Environment, White House Council on Environmental Quality; and Executive Vice President, World Wildlife Fund-US. His opinion pieces and articles have appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, Washington Times, Financial Times, International Herald Tribune, Boston Globe, Science, and many other periodicals.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,oil,government,us,usa,sandalow</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">David Sandalow</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="100100"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">100100</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2572</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200802_sandalow_full.mp3" length="41156987" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2008 11:41:53 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Freedom from Oil</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>poverty</category>
      <category>bottom billion</category>
      <description>Based on his book of the same name, in this lecture Paul Collier will point out how global poverty is actually falling quite rapidly for about eighty percent of the world. The real crisis lies in a group of about 50 failing states, the bottom billion, whose problems defy traditional approaches to alleviating poverty. These fifty failed states pose the central challenge of the developing world in the twenty-first century.  The Lecture was Chaired by the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, John Hood.  Paul Collier is Director of the Center for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-04-14:113816:158:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200711_collier_full.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Based on his book of the same name, in this lecture Paul Collier will point out how global poverty is actually falling quite rapidly for about eighty percent of the world.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">The real crisis lies in a group of about 50 failing states, the bottom billion, whose problems defy traditional approaches to alleviating poverty. These fifty failed states pose the central challenge of the developing world in the twenty-first century.  The Lecture was Chaired by the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, John Hood.  Paul Collier is Director of the Center for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,poverty,bottom billion</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Paul Collier</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="100100"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">100100</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">2502</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200711_collier_full.mp3" length="40035603" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2008 11:38:16 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>The Bottom Billion</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>genomics</category>
      <category>genetics</category>
      <category>venter</category>
      <description>In the second of the Distinguished Public Lecture Series run by the James Martin 21st Century School, Dr Craig Venter will discuss his work at the J Craig Venter Institute and its implications for the future of our culture, society and science. The Institute's projects include developing new understanding of human disease at the DNA level, running the Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition to understand microbial diversity in the world’s oceans, and finding new ways of tackling environmental issues, especially the production of new biological sources of energy. One of its many goals is to engineer microbes that can produce biological sources of fuel. Dr Venter and his team believe that genomics is the field of science that has the power to transform the world around us.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-04-14:111921:924:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200710_venter_full.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">In the second of the Distinguished Public Lecture Series run by the James Martin 21st Century School, Dr Craig Venter will discuss his work at the J Craig Venter Institute and its implications for the future of our culture, society and science.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">The Institute's projects include developing new understanding of human disease at the DNA level, running the Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition to understand microbial diversity in the world’s oceans, and finding new ways of tackling environmental issues, especially the production of new biological sources of energy. One of its many goals is to engineer microbes that can produce biological sources of fuel. Dr Venter and his team believe that genomics is the field of science that has the power to transform the world around us.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">public lectures,genomics,genetics,venter</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:author xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">J Craig Venter</itunes:author>
      <itunesu:category xmlns:itunesu="http://www.itunesu.com/feed" itunesu:code="103105"/>
      <category domain="http://www.itunesu.com/feed">103105</category>
      <itunes:duration xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">4022</itunes:duration>
      <enclosure url="http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200710_venter_full.mp3" length="64365425" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2008 11:19:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <source url="http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/jmar/seminars-and-lectures-audio/rss20.xml">Public Lectures and Seminars from the James Martin 21st Century School</source>
      <title>Genomics: From humans to the environment</title>
    </item>
    <item>
      <category>public lectures</category>
      <category>climate change</category>
      <category>economics</category>
      <category>nicholas stern</category>
      <category>global warming</category>
      <description>Professor Sir Nicholas Stern, HM Treasury: The economics of climate change Introduced by: Dr John Hood, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Chaired by: Dr Ian Goldin, Director of the James Martin 21st Century School.</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://rss.oucs.ox.ac.uk/tag:2008-04-14:104438:791:jmar/seminars-and-lectures-au</guid>
      <link>http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/downloads/podcasts/200702_stern_full.mp3</link>
      <itunes:subtitle xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">Professor Sir Nicholas Stern, HM Treasury: The economics of climate change Introduced by: Dr John Hood, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Chaired by: Dr Ian Goldin, Director of the James Martin 21st Century School.</itunes:subtitle>
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